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Evidence-Based Documentation · Gaza 2023–2026

What Is Happening
in Gaza Is Genocide

This is not a political opinion. It is a legal and factual argument grounded in the 1948 Genocide Convention, verified casualty data, documented Israeli policy, and proceedings before the International Court of Justice.

45,000+ Confirmed killed
17 yrs Of blockade before Oct 7
90% Population displaced
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What genocide actually means — legally

The word "genocide" is often used rhetorically. Here it is used precisely, according to the definition ratified by the United Nations in 1948 — the definition that governs international law today.

Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

— Article II, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, United Nations, 1948 · Full text ↗

Genocide does not require the complete destruction of a people. It requires intent to destroy, in whole or in part. It does not require bullets alone — sub-article (c) explicitly covers deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction. This is where a 17-year blockade lives.

With this definition in hand, we can now examine what has actually happened in Gaza — and apply each element to the documented record.

(a) Killing members of the group

Over 45,000 confirmed killed, the majority women and children. Experts estimate true deaths at 186,000+ when accounting for indirect causes. UN agencies have verified systematic targeting of hospitals, shelters, and civilian infrastructure.

(b) Causing serious bodily and mental harm

Over 100,000 injured. An entire population under continuous bombardment with documented mass trauma. UN agencies report the highest rate of child limb amputations ever recorded in any conflict.

(c) Conditions calculated to destroy

A 17-year blockade on food, medicine, and construction materials. Active destruction of water infrastructure, hospitals, and food supply systems. Famine declared by the UN's Integrated Food Security Phase Classification.

Intent — the key legal threshold

Intent can be inferred from systematic action and stated policy. Senior Israeli officials have made statements that, according to legal scholars and the ICJ, constitute evidence of genocidal intent. These are documented below.

The Blockade: Conditions of life calculated to destroy

The bombardment of Gaza began in October 2023. But the conditions that make it genocide were already being constructed for seventeen years before a single bomb was dropped.

The siege of Gaza — a full land, sea, and air blockade — began in 2007 when Hamas took political control of the territory. Israel controlled what entered and exited: every truck of flour, every medical supply shipment, every kilowatt of electricity.

In 2008, Israeli officials explicitly calculated how many calories Gazan civilians needed to avoid malnutrition — and calibrated imports to that number. This wasn't an accident or side effect of security policy. It was a deliberate management of a population's physical survival.

Sub-article (c) of the Genocide Convention covers exactly this: "deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part." The blockade was that condition — sustained for nearly two decades, then weaponized in the military campaign that followed.

When the post-October 2023 bombardment began, it did not hit an open society. It hit a population already made maximally vulnerable — dependent on external supply chains that Israel controlled, living in infrastructure that had been deliberately kept from rebuilding after each prior conflict, with virtually no capacity to absorb the shock of what came next.

2006

Hamas wins Palestinian legislative election

International community, led by US and Israel, refuses to recognize result and begins economic sanctions on Palestinian Authority.

2007

Full blockade imposed

After Hamas takes control of Gaza, Israel and Egypt impose a comprehensive land, sea, and air blockade. Construction materials, food, fuel, and medicines are restricted.

2008

Israel calculates Gaza's caloric minimum

Internal Israeli documents show officials calculated the minimum calories needed to prevent malnutrition. The blockade was calibrated accordingly. (COGAT documents, leaked 2012)

2010

"Putting Gaza on a diet"

Senior Israeli official Dov Weisglass describes blockade policy as "putting the Palestinians on a diet, but not to make them die of hunger." The statement was widely reported.

2014

Operation Protective Edge

51-day bombardment kills 2,200 Gazans. UN calls reconstruction "impossible" under blockade. Israel prevents cement and construction materials from entering to rebuild.

2021

UN: Gaza "uninhabitable" by 2020

A 2012 UN report predicted Gaza would be uninhabitable by 2020 without intervention. By 2021, no meaningful intervention had occurred. Blockade continued.

2023

October 7th and the total siege

Following Hamas attacks, Israel announces "complete siege" of Gaza: "No electricity, no food, no water, no fuel." — Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, October 9, 2023. Times of Israel ↗

The physical toll of the post-blockade bombardment

45,000+ Confirmed killed
186K+ Estimated total deaths including indirect
70% Of killed are women and children
90% Of population displaced
80% Of structures damaged or destroyed
100% Of population in food crisis (IPC)

Sources: UN OCHA ↗ · UNRWA ↗ · The Lancet (estimated deaths) ↗ · IPC Food Security ↗

Hamas: The adversary Israel helped create

To understand Gaza, you have to understand one of the most consequential and under-reported strategic decisions in modern Middle Eastern politics: Israel's deliberate cultivation of Hamas as a counterweight to the secular Palestinian leadership.

This is not a conspiracy theory. It is documented in Israeli government archives, reported extensively in Israeli media — primarily Haaretz — and acknowledged by former Israeli officials.

01

The PLO was the real threat — to a two-state solution Israel didn't want

Through the 1970s and 80s, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) under Yasser Arafat was recognized internationally as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. It was secular, nationalist, and — critically — capable of negotiating a state. For Israeli hardliners opposed to Palestinian statehood, this was the actual threat.

Background: Israeli government archives and academic literature on Oslo period
02

Israel permitted and facilitated Hamas's early growth

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Israeli military authorities permitted Islamist organizations — including what would become Hamas — to operate and grow in Gaza. The thinking: a religious nationalist movement would divide Palestinian political energy and weaken the secular PLO. Israel granted licenses to Islamist institutions and allowed Saudi money to flow to them.

Andrew Higgins, Wall Street Journal, 2009 ↗; Ronen Bergman, Israeli military historian
03

Hamas won the 2006 election — and Netanyahu transferred them money

After Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, the world refused to recognize them — but years later, under Netanyahu, Israel was transferring Qatari funds directly to Hamas in Gaza. The explicit logic, reported by Israeli outlets: keeping Hamas viable in Gaza kept the Palestinian political entity divided, preventing a unified Palestinian partner for statehood talks that Netanyahu opposed.

Haaretz reporting ↗; confirmed by Israeli officials including Smotrich in 2019
04

"Anyone who wants to thwart the establishment of a Palestinian state has to support Hamas"

This was stated openly by Bezalel Smotrich in 2019 — now Israel's Finance Minister, a key figure in Netanyahu's coalition. The statement articulates the strategic logic that had governed the policy for years: Hamas, as an internationally-condemned militant group, made a Palestinian state impossible to recognize. That was useful.

— Bezalel Smotrich, 2019; reported in Israeli and international press
05

October 7th happened — and the tool became the justification

Hamas's attack on October 7, 2023 killed approximately 1,200 Israelis — the deadliest single day for Jewish people since the Holocaust. It also became the stated justification for a military campaign that has killed 45,000+ Palestinians. The adversary Israel helped cultivate became the pretext for the response Israel had long wanted to deliver to Gaza.

— This argument does not excuse Hamas. It documents the causal structure.

The destruction of everything that sustains life

The military campaign that began October 2023 did not target Hamas in any conventional sense of precision warfare. It targeted the infrastructure of Palestinian civilian existence.

Hospitals

Over 80% of Gaza's hospitals have been damaged or destroyed. Al-Shifa, Gaza's largest hospital, was raided twice by Israeli forces. WHO documented that attacks on health facilities in Gaza represent the highest rate globally in any conflict in their records. WHO Gaza situation ↗

Water and sanitation

Gaza's water infrastructure, already strained by the blockade, was systematically destroyed. Over 95% of water from the main aquifer became unfit for human consumption. Sewage plants stopped functioning. Waterborne disease spread rapidly in displacement camps.

Food systems

Agricultural land was bulldozed or rendered inaccessible. Aid convoys were blocked, delayed, or attacked. By early 2024, the IPC declared all of Gaza in food crisis. Famine conditions were declared in northern Gaza — the first famine declared in a modern conflict with this degree of international documentation. IPC classification ↗

Universities and schools

Every one of Gaza's universities was destroyed. Over 80% of school buildings were damaged. UNICEF described the destruction of the educational system as "generational." The erasure of educational infrastructure is a recognized element of cultural genocide under international law.

Housing

Over 60% of all housing units in Gaza were destroyed or severely damaged. The UN estimates reconstruction would take 80+ years under the current blockade restrictions on building materials. Displacement became permanent by design.

Journalists and documentation

Over 140 journalists were killed in Gaza as of early 2025 — the highest number in any conflict in recorded history. The Committee to Protect Journalists confirmed the majority were targeted while performing journalism. Killing the witnesses is part of the pattern. CPJ data ↗

Sub-article (c) of the Genocide Convention covers "deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction." The systematic targeting of water, food, medical, and shelter infrastructure is not collateral damage. It is the deliberate destruction of what keeps people alive.

Intent: What Israeli officials have said, on the record

Genocide requires intent to destroy a group. Courts typically infer this from systematic patterns of action. In Gaza, they don't have to — senior Israeli officials stated their intent clearly, publicly, and repeatedly.

"We are fighting human animals and we act accordingly."
Defense Minister Yoav Gallant · October 9, 2023
"Complete siege on Gaza. No electricity, no food, no water, no fuel. Everything is closed."
Defense Minister Yoav Gallant · October 9, 2023
"We are dropping bombs on Gaza with no restrictions... Gaza will eventually turn into a city of tents. There will be no buildings."
Energy Minister Israel Katz · October 2023
"There are no uninvolved civilians... We will fight until we break their backbone."
President Isaac Herzog · October 13, 2023
"Nakba 2023" — a reference to the 1948 forced displacement of Palestinians, framed as a goal
Agriculture Minister Avi Dichter · October 2023 (recorded on Israeli television)
"The Gaza catastrophe is over. The war goal of destroying Hamas's governing and military capability has been achieved."
Israeli officials on displacement policies — statements cited in ICJ proceedings, 2024

Note: These statements were cited in South Africa's submission to the International Court of Justice and in the ICC Prosecutor's warrant application. They are primary sources, widely verified, available in original Hebrew recordings and official translations. See: ICJ Case 192 ↗ · ICC warrants ↗

The argument is complete

A legally precise definition. A 17-year documented blockade meeting sub-article (c). Systematic destruction of civilian infrastructure. Official statements of genocidal intent. ICJ proceedings and ICC arrest warrants. The evidence does not require interpretation. It requires acknowledgment.

Primary sources referenced on this page